Tsaap-Notes -- An Open Micro-Blogging Tool for Collaborative Notetaking during Face-to-Face Lectures

International audienceSocial theories of learning demonstrated that collaborative note taking during face-to-face lecture provides important benefits: better learner engagement, collaborative learning, and knowledge building. In this paper we present Tsaap-Notes, an open micro-blogging platform dedicated to collaborative note taking that can be used as a standalone application, or fully integrated into existing virtual learning environments. Tsaap-Notes provides users with advanced features such as annotations, questions, or filtering that encourage learners to participate in the collaborative activity. Our tool has been experimented with a cohort of forty students during a short period of time, results show that learners are getting more and more familiar with Tsaap-Notes and that this application becomes useful when the time of preparing exams has come

Online tests based on contributions provided by teachers and students during face-to-face lectures

National audienceOur previous work has introduced the "Tsaap-Notes" platform to increase the motivation and engagement of students in the process of collaborative note taking during lectures. In this paper, we introduce the approach "Notes as Feedback" which consists of recycling interactive questions asked during a lecture in order to semi-automatically build computer based self-assessment tests where feedback provided to students is based on the notes taken by students. A first experimentation on a group of 54 students enrolled in a computer science Master course helped to highlight the benefits of this work: increased participation in note-taking, a massive engagement of students to play the self-assessment tests, and improved student results at the final exam

Basics for sensorimotor information processing: some implications for learning

International audienceIn sensorimotor activities, learning requires efficient information processing, whether in car driving, sport activities or human machine interactions. Several factors may affect the efficiency of such processing: they may be extrinsic (i.e., task-related) or intrinsic (i.e., subjects-related). The effects of these factors are intimately related to the structure of human information processing. In the present article we will focus on some of them, which are poorly taken into account, even when minimizing errors or their consequences is an essential issue at stake. Among the extrinsic factors, we will discuss, first, the effects of the quantity and quality of information, secondly, the effects of instruction and thirdly motor program learning. Among the intrinsic factors, we will discuss first the influence of prior information, secondly how individual strategies affect performance and, thirdly, we will stress the fact that although the human brain is not structured to function errorless (which is not new) humans are able to detect their errors very quickly and On most of the cases), fast enough to correct them before they result in an overt failure. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors are important to take into account for learning because (1) they strongly affect performance, either in terms of speed or accuracy, which facilitates or impairs learning, (2) the effect of certain extrinsic factors may be strongly modified by learning and (3) certain intrinsic factors might be exploited for learning strategies

Génération semi-automatique de tests d'auto-évaluation pourvus de feedback résultant de la prise de notes collaborative

International audienceNos travaux prédécents ont introduit la plate-forme Tsaap-Notes pour augmenter la motivation et l'engagement des étudiants dans le processus de prise de notes collaborative pendant les cours dispensées en face-à-face. Dans cet article, nous introduisons l'approche « Notes as Feedback » consistant à recycler les questions interactives posées pendant le cours afin de produire semi-automatiquement des tests d'auto-évaluation informatisés pourvus de feedback issus des notes prises par les étudiants. Une première expérimentation réalisée sur un groupe de 54 étudiants inscrits en Master Informatique a permis de mettre en avant les bénéfices de ces travaux : une participation accrue à la prise de notes collaborative, un engagement significatif des étudiants dans les tests de révision, et des résultats en hausse à l'examen terminal

Estimation of individual evoked potential by wavelet transform

ISBN : 978-2-9532965-0-1A new method to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of single evoked potentials (EP) measurements is presented, in which, contrary to previous methods, no a priori assumptions on the signal are necessary. This method is based on the wavelets decomposition of the individual signals. A statistical thresholding is applied on the coefficients of the decomposition: we estimate whether the mean value of the coefficients across trials and for each time point is significantly different from a random estimate. The performance of the method is evaluated with simulation and the method is applied to real dat

Sequential Compatibility Effects and Cognitive Control: Does Conflict Really Matter?

International audienceAlthough it is widely accepted that control mechanisms are necessary for human behavior tobe adapted, very little is known about how such mechanisms are recruited. A suggestion tofill the gap was put forward by M. M. Botvinick, T. S. Braver, C. S. Carter, D. M. Barch, andJ. D. Cohen (2001), who proposed the conflict-loop theory. This theory has been successfulin accounting for the reduction of compatibility effects after an incompatible trial: The levelof conflict being, on average, higher during an incompatible trial, more control occurs aftersuch a trial. The authors have tested this prediction by sorting the trials on the basis of amountof conflict (quantified by the electromyographic activity) they presented. A reduction of thecompatibility effect was observed after incompatible trials, but it was independent of the levelof conflict on previous trials, suggesting that the conflict does not trigger changes in executivecontrol. Consequences for the conflict monitoring model are discussed

Threshold selection, mitosis and dual mutation in cooperative co-evolution: application to medical 3d tomography

International audienceWe present and analyse the behaviour of specialised operators designed for cooperative coevolution strategy in the framework of 3D tomographic PET reconstruction. The basis is a simple cooperative co-evolution scheme (the "fly algorithm"), which embeds the searched solution in the whole population, letting each individual be only a part of the solution. An individual, or fly, is a 3D point that emits positrons. Using a cooperative co-evolution scheme to optimize the position of positrons, the population of flies evolves so that the data estimated from flies matches measured data. The final population approximates the radioactivity concentration. In this paper, three operators are proposed, threshold selection, mitosis and dual mutation, and their impact on the algorithm efficiency is experimentally analysed on a controlled test-case. Their extension to other cooperative co-evolution schemes is discussed

Une ethnographie de la relation d'aide : de la ruse à la fiction, comment concilier protection et autonomie, rapport de recherche pour la MiRe (DREES):Rapport de recherche pour la MiRe (DREES)

Ce rapport propose une description et une analyse de l’activité d’aide à domicile. L’enquête a porté sur le réseau des proches, aidants et soignants, intervenant auprès de personnes atteintes de troubles psychiques et cognitifs. Les aides visent à assurer le bien‐être des personnes en apportant soins et assistance. Mais ce souci ne suffit pas à caractériser leur activité : à chaque instant, les aides doivent composer entre des aspirations contradictoires, comme la protection et l’autonomie, et assumer des prises de risque. Nous n’opposons pas leur activité réelle à des principes abstraits, nous faisons au contraire l’hypothèse que ce sont les pratiques des aides qui peu à peu, à partir des situations d’épreuve, donnent un sens concret à de telles notions. En trouvant des façons de les composer, elles montrent que leur mise en oeuvre est possible. Selon une méthode ethnographique, nous avons suivi treize cas, entre six et dix-huit mois, choisis dans trois services d’aide à domicile contrastés, en mettant l’accent sur les moments d’épreuve, qui montrent en permanence ces compromis obligés de l’action en situation : problèmes d’hygiène, de médicaments, de clés, risque de chute, décision de placement, relation à la famille, etc. Le principal rendu de notre recherche est la mise en récit de ces treize expériences collectives. Comment faire faire quelque chose à des personnes qui ne l’ont pas demandé ou n’en voient pas l’intérêt ? À condition d’en restituer aussi la valeur positive, deux notions ambiguës, la ruse et la fiction, aident à mieux comprendre l’expérience du domicile, et les compétences des personnels et des proches. L’aide est installation incertaine d’une relation, d’un espace commun. Instaurer cette fiction partagée fait en partie porter par l’aidant à la place de l’aidé son exigence d’autonomie : traiter en être autonome la personne fragilisée, c’est faire persister ce qui n’est plus tout à fait là. Curieuse autonomie, par procuration, qui doit être supposée et supportée par les autres pour exister. C’est tout l’enjeu éthique, politique et social de la relation d’aide : l’invention d’une autonomie élargie au collectif

MRI Gastric Images Processing using a Multiobjective Fly Algorithm

In this study, we combine computer vision and visualisation/data exploration to analyse magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and detect garden peas inside the stomach. It is a preliminary objective of a larger project that aims to understand the kinetics of gastric emptying. We propose to perform the image analysis task as a multi-objective optimisation. A set of 7 equally important objectives are proposed to characterise peas. We rely on a cooperation co-evolution algorithm called 'Fly Algorithm' implemented using NSGA-II. The Fly Algorithm is a specific case of the 'Parisian Approach' where the solution of an optimisation problem is represented as a set of individuals (e.g. the whole population) instead of a single individual (the best one) as in typical evolutionary algorithms (EAs). NSGA-II is a popular EA used to solve multi-objective optimisation problems. The output of the optimisation is a succession of datasets that progressively approximate the Pareto front, which needs to be understood and explored by the end-user. Using interactive Information Visualisation (InfoVis) and clustering techniques, peas are then semi-automatically segmented